Archive for the ‘Ezekiel 18:23, 32; 33:11’ Category

17
Feb

Ichabod Spencer (1798-1854) on Ezekiel 33:11 (Part 2)

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism

Spencer:

God no Pleasure in the Death of the Wicked

(Shown From the Nature of Religion.)

As I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death or the wicked.–Ezekiel xxxiii.11.

WE said, on a former occasion, when we addressed you from these words, that there were, with some people, three matters of difficulty in religion, against which this text is uttered:–

I. The Purposes of the Deity.

II. The Nature of Religion.

III. The Condition of Man.

From all these sources an unbeliever is sometimes accustomed to draw conclusions unfavorable to his salvation. The partial view he takes, as well as the erroneous opinions he entertains, is apt to sustain the misfortune of his conclusions. He beholds, in the purposes of the Deity, as he believes or half-believes, an insuperable obstacle to his salvation. In the Nature of Religion–that religion which the Bible teaches him is necessary to his salvation–he finds difficulties which he is unable, as he imagines, to overcome. The condition in which he finds himself, as a sinner, is made to plead his excuse for neglect of salvation, and speaks to him a comfortable solace, even while he continues in his sins. These are his difficulties–these the sources of his objection–these his errors.

To the first of these, the Purposes of God, we have already attended. The second, the Nature of Religion, occupies us in the present hour.

Those whose minds have surmounted one difficulty in religion often meet with another. Driven from one stronghold of error, we are apt to betake ourselves to another. Such creatures we are. One mistake is corrected, but we are not safe. One delusion is dispelled, but another delusion rises before us. Thus we are beset with hinderances. When we have learnt that the Purposes of the Deity do not infringe upon our liberty, and oblige us to be lost, the Nature of Religion comes up to lend to our mistake a lame apology.

Nor can we be surprised at these frequent difficulties, when we find them in our own mind, or in the minds of other people. What is there that is valuable, whose acquisition is not attended with some trouble? The riches you covet cost you many a day of laborious diligence, and many a weary pain. The learning you value has been acquired only by laborious study, careful attention, diligence, and self-denial. There is scarcely anything of value, whose acquisition is perfectly easy and unattended with difficulty. Difficulties will arise, either from the nature of the object sought, or the imperfection of the creature that seeks.

It is in the latter method that the difficulties of our salvation assail us. Our obstacles lie in our own nature–in that inherent wickedness which we love to foster, and are unwilling to eradicate.

But, if we are inclined, after all, to murmur that Religion–a thing so indispensable–is beset with so many difficulties, let us hush the murmur with two reflections –the one humbling to our pride, the other complimentary to our nature.

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15
Feb

Ichabod Spencer (1798-1854) on Ezekiel 33:11 (Part 1)

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism

God No Pleasure in the Death of the Wicked.

(shown from the purposes of God.)

As I live, saith the Lord God, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked.–Ezekiel, xxxiii. 11.

IN these words, God affirms something about himself. It is no new idea to the minds of this congregation, that the character of God is the leading idea in religion. Scarcely any theme of instruction is more difficult than the regard of the Deity for a sinner. To give to the revolted subject of God’s righteous government a correct apprehension of the feelings with which his God regards him, is an attempt attended with peculiar embarrassments. These arise, not so much from the obscurity of the subject itself, as from the strong tendency to misapprehend it. There is something in the nature of the case which contributes a great obstacle to correct apprehension. When we speak of the Deity as righteous, and man as under his rule, there is something of accusation immediately conceived. Conscience goes to work. The hearer at once feels that there is a design to reprove him; and the consequence of this feeling is, he puts himself on the defense. And even if we avoid all accusing terms–if the Bible avoids them–if we do not say that man is unrighteous–if we take pains to avoid all methods of expression which bring his own character to mind, and strive to present the subject in such a manner that he may examine it without the excitements of prejudice, and as an unbiased spectator, we are not able, after all, to accomplish the designs–the failure always shows our deficiency of skill in persuasion, and should humble us as preachers. The truth is, if we present the subject in the abstract, it will not be received so by the hearer. If we do not bring him into the question, he will bring himself in; neither our art nor eloquence can avoid it. And he usually comes prepared to defend himself, in some manner or in some degree, from the imputation which his own consciousness has suggested. Guilt is suspicious: This is John the Baptist risen from the dead. We can not speak of those attributes of the Deity necessarily associated with his being reconciled to an offender, without awakening something of the self-love and pride, if not something of the prejudice of him who still needs reconciliation. The nature of the case, therefore, renders it hard to give the proper impression to such a one. The Deity will be regarded, by those who have never been taught by the Spirit, in some measure as an enemy; and in such a case, surely, it would be the height of human candor to examine his character and his offers with unprejudiced fairness.

We are far from believing that most men design to run into this abuse. However self-love or self-respect might lead them to plead their cause strongly if they were to speak upon it, we are far from supposing they soberly intend to be uncandid when only called upon to think. To deceive and willingly ruin themselves is a thing distant from their designs. No man is willing to deceive and destroy himself.

But men desire to avoid the present unhappiness which the truth might create. Their hearts are opposed to it. And for these reasons they hazard the unhappy consequences of the future. In this sense they are guilty of willing self-deception and its wretched results. For these reasons they are not apt to look impartially at the character of God.

But this matter is no less important than difficult. An error here is particularly unfortunate and hazardous. All our ideas of religion are intimately connected with the character of God. That character lays the foundation of all that man can hope, and of what man must be. And if we have a false notion of that character, we shall have false notions of religion; the God we worship will be an imaginary God; the homage we render will be agreeable to our misconceptions; our religion, begun in error, will end in wretchedness, and we ourselves shall become those of whom it is said, deceiving and being deceived.

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Edwards:

[Prop.] I. God oftentimes uses many means with wicked men to bring ’em to forsake their sins. This is what God declares in his Word, that he hath no pleasure in death of a sinner, but that he should forsake his sins, and live. Ezekiel 18:23, “Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? says the Lord God: and not that he should return from his ways, and live?” And again in the Ezekiel 18:32, “For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dies, says the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.” And Ezekiel 33:11, there God swears the same thing: “Say unto them, As I live, says the Lord, I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked; but that the wicked turn from his way and live: turn ye, turn ye from your evil ways; for why will ye die, Ye house of Israel?” Surely it would be horrid presumption in us to call this in question, after God has sworn by his life to the truth of it. The same we are told in the New Testament by the Apostle. 1 Timothy 2:3–4, “For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior; who will have all men to be saved, and come to the knowledge of the truth.” 2 Peter 3:9, “The Lord is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance.” And therefore God appears in his providence slow to wrath, and is wont to use many means with sinners to bring them to forsake their sins, before he gives them up. Thus God’s Spirit strove long with the old world, before he destroyed them. Genesis 6:3, “My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years.” For God sent Lot, a preacher of righteousness, to turn the inhabitants of Sodom from their sins, before he destroyed them. So he did not destroy hardhearted Pharaoh, till he had used many means to make him willing to comply with God’s commands.

Jonathan Edwards [1734], Sermons and Discourses, 1734-1738 (WJE Online Vol. 19), Ed. M. X. Lesser.  [Some spelling modernized and underlining mine.]

Thanks and credit to Tony

11
Dec

Girolamo Zanchi (1516–1590) on Ezekiel 18:23

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism

Zanchi:

1)
Object. Ezek. 18.

But God says, he will  not the death of a sinner. The wise man says that through the envy of the devil death entered into the world [Wisd. 2.24.]. Do not these and such like places prove, that God will not man’s destruction? [Rom. 9, 2 Pet. 3, Jud. 5:4.]. No that do they not, for he has from all eternity appointed some to destruction: and must he not then will their destruction? As for that place of Ezekiel, that God wills not the death of a sinner; if you understand by a sinner every sinful man, then I say that the place is not meant of his secret, but revealed will, by which he offers favor to all that hear his word be they good or bad: but if you say it is meant of his secret will, then by the word sinner, I understand the elect alone, as it is taken in 1 Tim. 1:15, for God will not their death, and therefore makes them repentance: and this I take to be the true sense of this place.   [Girolamo Zanchi] Live Everlasting: Or The True Knowledge of One Iehova, Three Elohim and Jesus Immanuel: Collected Out of the Best Modern Divines, and compiled into one volume by Robert Hill, ([Cambridge:] Printed by Iohn Legat, printer to the Vniuersitie of Cambridge. And are to be sold [in London] at the signe of the Crowne in Pauls Church-yard by Simon Waterson, 1601), 259.

2)
Object. 4.
Eze 18.

But does not God say, “I will not the death of a sinner:” he will not a sinner’s death and yet sinners do die and perish, how then is his will done?

Ans.

If by will you mean his secret will, then by a sinner you must understand only the elect; as in many other places the word sinner is taken: for according to this will, they only are converted and saved: if by will you mean God’s revealed will in his word, the meaning is, that in the Church he calls all men to life, and offers by the Gospel salvation to all in Christ Jesus. And so this place does not improve the immutability of God’s decree.   [Girolamo Zanchi] Live Everlasting: Or The True Knowledge of One Iehova, Three Elohim and Jesus Immanuel: Collected Out of the Best Modern Divines, and compiled into one volume by Robert Hill, ([Cambridge:] Printed by Iohn Legat, printer to the Vniuersitie of Cambridge. And are to be sold [in London] at the signe of the Crowne in Pauls Church-yard by Simon Waterson, 1601), 278.

[Bibliographic Notes: Worldcat and Wing identify this as as: “Largely a translation and abridgement of Zanchi, Girolamo. De natura Dei. Zanchi is identified in the side-note on page 655—STC…” I have inserted Zanchi’s name in the title as a reflection that because: 1) as noted, this is largely a translation of Zanchi’s work; 2) because it quite probably does reflect Zanchi’s theology; 3) because Wing attributes the authorship to Zanchi, and Hill as the translator; and 4) from the opening “Epistle Dedicatory” (3rd page) Hill identifies a work by Zanchi as the principal text upon which this work is based. Lastly, I actually suspect this is a much more reliable translation than Toplady’s briefer translation from the same work.]

[Notes: 1) I post this from Zanchi, not because of his apparent actual take on Ezekiel 18:23, but because his point that if the will in Ezekiel 18:23 refers to the revealed will of God, then this is the meaning and these things follow.  2) Calvin on 1 Timothy 1:15 rightly says that Paul refers to the general office of Christ, that it speaks to the grace of God made known through the Gospel, and that it speaks to Jesus’ coming to save all sinners. See Calvin on 1 Timothy 1:15, and Institutes 2.12.5, and: “So likewise, when it is said in the holy scripture, (1 Timothy 1:15) that this is a true and undoubted saying, that God hath sent his only begotten son, to save all miserable sinners: we must include it within this same rank I say, that every of us apply the same particularly to himself: when as we hear this general sentence, that God is merciful. Have we heard this? Then may we boldly call upon him, and even say, although I am a miserable and forlorn creature, since it is said that God is merciful to those which have offended him: I will run unto him and to his mercy, beseeching him that he will make me to feel it.” John Calvin  Sermons on Psalm 119, 7th sermon, 119:49-56, p., 133 (Old Paths Publications). 3) Zanchi’s concession still acknowledges the presence of the free offer in his theology.]

9
Dec

Jacob Kimedoncius (d. 1596) on Ezekiel 18:32

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism

Kimedoncius:

I will not
the death of
a Sinner

Some understand the place of the Prophet Ezekiel of that death of the soul, as Fulgentius: others refer it to the punishment of sin, using the distinction of the will of God, hidden and revealed.  So Luther de ser, arbit. cap. 109. ‘He will not the death of a sinner, to wit, by his word, while his word of salvation he comes to all, and so he will have all men to be saved. But he wills the same by his unsearchable will, “Which will” (says he in the same book chap. 107) “is not to be searched into, but with reverence to be adored, as the highest secret of God’s majesty.” Again, “He will not the death of him that dies simply, and as it brings destruction, but as it is punishment: for the Lord delights not in he perdition of the thing, as it is, “But he is the punisher of sinners,” [Wisd. 1.13.].

Iacob Kimedoncius, Of The Redemption of Mankind (London: Imprinted by Felix Kingston for Hvmfrey Lownes, 1598), 335.    [Some reformatting; some spelling modernized; marginal comments cited inline.]