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Calvin and Calvinism » 2008 » December

Archive for December, 2008

Davenant:

1) But here it is proper to advise by the way. That when we assert that Christ our Lord is to be extolled in hymns, we do not exclude the Father or the Holy Spirit, nay, we call them into a participation of the same honor: for he who extols Christ the Redeemer, at the same time extols both the Father, who sent him to redeem the world; and the Holy Spirit, who renders this redemption efficacious to all the elect and believers. John Davenant, An Exposition of the Epistle of St. Paul to the Colossians (Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust, 2005), 2:143. [Italics original, some reformatting, underlining mine.]

2) In many other places the work of reconciliation is ascribed to God the Father: But that remarkable one, 2 Cor. v. 18, 19, contains the sum of them all, God hath reconciled us himself: God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself. Although, therefore, (as we shall presently shew) the work of reconciliation is attributed to Christ, as the proximate and immediate agent; yet it is proper to ascribe it to God the Father; and, by consequence, to the whole Trinity, as the primary cause: For the whole Trinity, which foresaw from eternity the fall of the human race, pre-ordained this way of effecting reconciliation by Christ, and inspired the man Christ Jesus with the will to suffer for the redemption of mankind. So it is said in Isaiah xlii. 6, I, the Lord, have called thee in righteousness, and will hold thine hand, and will keep thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, &c. In which place the prophet teaches us, that Jehovah himself had ordained and called Christ to this work of reconciliation, and strengthened and upheld him during his whole accomplishment of human salvation. It is evident, therefore, that God was the primary author of this reconciliation, and was induced to devise this plan of our redemption entirely from his own good pleasure, and from free love. The Apostle here employs this particular term ‘eudokese. It pleased him well. And in Jeremiah xxxi. 3, we read, I have loved thee with an everlasting love. And in all parts of Scripture, this gratuitous love of God is declared to be the cause why the Father sent his Son into the world to obtain salvation for us, John iii. 16, God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son. And in Ephes. ii. 4, 5, For his great love wherewith he loved us, even when we were dead in sins, he hath quickened us, &c.  John Davenant, An Exposition of the Epistle of St. Paul to the Colossians (Edinburgh: The Banner of Truth Trust, 2005), 1:235-236. [Italics original, underlining mine.]

[Note: It has always seemed strange why someone would insist that if the moderate and classic Calvinist position be true, it must be true that the persons of the Trinity are in a state of conflict or division, as if, for example, the Father elects and so desires the salvation of the elect alone, yet the Son seeks and obtains a sufficient redemption for all, and desires the salvation of all. Sometimes this argument expresses itself by asserting that the classic Calvinist position posits conflicting intentions within the Godhead.  We see these sorts of objections time and time again. The problem is, on the terms of the moderate and classic Calvinist, such a set of conditions or states of affairs would never apply.  For example, I do not know of any one, even within the broadest scope of the Reformed tradition, who has argued that the Son desired the salvation of any one, or sought the salvation of any one, contrary to the wishes of the Father.  Rather, then, the argument is a caricature, having only argumentative force if undergirded by the theological assumptions and constructions of the opposing paradigm. It is never wise to posit a rebuttal (unless your aim is only to speak to the choir), which can only be sustained on your terms, and never on the assumed terms of your opponent.

What it also interesting is that these objections are also proposed by opponents of common grace and general love, by positing the same idea of internal Trinitarian conflict, such as the Son loves men, whom the Father does not love, and so forth. The answer to this would be, and is the same answer to the previous set of objections. This should all be common sense: see for example Daniel’s response to this proposed dilemma.]

29
Dec

Edward Leigh on Ephesians 2:3

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism    in Ephesians 2:3

Leigh:

And were by nature the Children of wrath, even as others] To be by nature the children of wrath signifies these things. 1. Wrath is our proper due, as we are born to it. 2. It belongs to us a soon as we are ever we have a living soul, damnati priusquam nati Aug. 3. We are irrecoverably the Children of wrath, Adam might have helped it. 4. It is universally so, as we say a man is by nature mortal, because all are so.

Edward Leigh, Annotations Upon All the New Testament (London: Printed by W.W. and EG. for William Lee, and are to be sold at his shop at the Turks-head in Fleet Street next to the Miter and Phoenix, 1650), 281.

23
Dec

Ephesians 2:3 from the Matthew Henry Commentaries

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism    in Ephesians 2:3

v. 3. By fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind, men contract that filthiness of flesh and spirit from which the apostle exhorts Christians to cleanse themselves, 2 Cor. vii. 1. The fulfilling of the desires of the flesh and of the mind includes all the sin and wickedness that are acted in and by both the inferior and the higher or nobler powers of the soul. We lived in the actual commission of all those sins to which corrupt nature inclined us. The carnal mind makes a man a perfect slave to his vicious appetite.—The fulfilling of the wills of the flesh, so the words may be rendered, denoting the efficacy of these lusts, and what power they have over those who yield themselves up unto them. 5. We are by nature the children of wrath, even as others. The Jews were so, as well as the Gentiles; and one man is as much so as another by nature, not only by custom and imitation, but from the time when we began to exist, and by reason of our natural inclinations and appetites. All men, being naturally children of disobedience, are also by nature children of wrath: God is angry with the wicked every day. Our state and course are such as deserve wrath, and would end in eternal wrath, if divine grace did not interpose. What reason have sinners then to be looking out for that grace that will make them, of children of wrath, children of God and heirs of glory! Thus far the apostle has described the misery of a natural state in these verses, which we shall find him pursuing again in some following ones.

Source: The Matthew Henry Commentaries, Ephesians 2:3.

22
Dec

Edmund Calamy (1600-1666) on John 3:16

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism    in John 3:16

Calamy:

Mr. Calamy–I argue from the iii. of Joh[n] 16, In which words a ground of God’s intention of giving Christ, God’s love to the world, a philanthropy the world of elect and reprobate, and not of elect only; It cannot be meant of the elect, because of that ‘whosoever believeth’… xvi. Mark, 15. ‘Go preach the gospel to every creature.’ If the covenant of grace be to be preached to all, then Christ redeemed, in some sense, all–both elect and reprobate; but it is to be preached to all; there is a warrant for it… For the minor, if the universal redemption be the ground of the universal promulgation, then… the minor, else there is no verity in promulgation. All God’s promulgations are serious and true… Faith doth not save me, but only as an instrument to apply Christ. There is no verity in the universal offer except founded in the…

Alex Mitchell and John Struthers, Minutes of the Sessions of the Westminster Assembly of Divines (London: William Blackwood and Sons, 1874), 154.   [Notes: The portion of the minutes contained in the old Mitchell-Struthers “Minutes,” referencing the redemption of the elect only, or not, is identical to the same in  Chad B. Van Dixhoorn’s new edition of the minutes, Reforming the Reformation: Theological Debate at the Westminster Assembly, 1643-1652, 6:202-209. Regarding Calamy, he was not only a Westminster divine, but one of the leaders of the English Presbyterians until his death.  Lastly, it should be noted that Calamy, along with a reported one third of the divines, signed the Westminster in good conscience, while holding to the classical construction of John 3:16 and Christ’s redemption of mankind, in some form or another.]

19
Dec

Donald A. Carson on the Love of God

   Posted by: CalvinandCalvinism    in God is Love: Electing and Non-Electing Love

Carson:

1) B. Some Different Ways the Bible Speaks of the Love of God

I had better warn you that not all of the passages to which I refer actually use the word love. When I speak of the doctrine of the love of God, I include themes and texts that depict God’s love without ever using the word, just as Jesus tells parables that depict grace without using that word.

With that warning to the fore, I draw your attention to five distinguishable ways the Bible speaks of the love of God. This is not an exhaustive list, but it is heuristically useful. (1) The peculiar love of the Father for the Son, and of the Son for the Father. John’s Gospel is especially rich in this theme. Twice we are told that the Father loves the Son, once with the verb agapao (John 3:35), and once with phileo (John 5:20). Yet the evangelist also insists that the world must learn that Jesus loves the Father (John 14:31). This intra-Trinitarian love of God not only marks off Christian monotheism from all other monotheisms, but is bound up in surprising ways with revelation and redemption. I shall return to this theme in the next chapter

(2) God’s providential love over all that he has made. By and large the Bible veers away from using the word love in this connection, but the theme is not hard to find. God creates everything, and before there is a whiff of sin, he pronounces all that he has made to be “good” (Gen. 1). This is the product of a loving Creator. The Lord Jesus depicts a world in which God clothes the grass of the fields with the glory of wildflowers seen by no human being,perhaps, but seen by God. The lion roars and hauls down its prey, but it is God who feeds the animal. The birds of the air find food, but that is the result of God’s loving providence, and not a sparrow falls from the sky apart from the sanction of the Almighty (Matt. 6). If this were not a benevolent providence, a loving providence, then the moral lesson that Jesus drives home, viz. that this God can be trusted to provide for his own people, would be incoherent.

(3) God’s salvific stance toward his fallen world. God so loved the world that he gave his Son (John 3:16). I know that some try to take kosmos (“world”) here to refer to the elect. But that really will not do. All the evidence of the usage of the word in John’s Gospel is against the suggestion. True, world in John does not so much refer to bigness as to badness. In John’s vocabulary, world is primarily the moral order in willful and culpable rebellion against God. In John 3:36 God’s love in sending the Lord Jesus is to be admired not because it is extended to so big a thing as the world, but to so bad a thing; not to so many people, as to such wicked people. Nevertheless elsewhere John can speak of “the whole world (1 John 2:2), thus bringing bigness and badness together. More importantly, in Johannine theology the disciples themselves once belonged to the world but were drawn out of it (e.g., John 15:19). On this axis, God’s love for the world cannot be collapsed into his love for the elect. The same lesson is learned from many passages and themes in Scripture. However much God stands in judgment over the world, he also presents himself as the God who invites and commands all human beings to repent. He orders his people to carry the Gospel to the farthest corner of the world, proclaiming it to men and women everywhere. To rebels the sovereign Lord calls out, “As surely as I live . . . I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that they turn from their ways and live. Turn! Turn from your evil ways! Why will you die, O house of Israel?” (Ezek. 33:11).9

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